What does "the fourth wall" refer to in theater?

The concept of "the fourth wall" refers to the imaginary barrier that exists between the audience and the performers in a theater setting. This concept allows the audience to engage with the performance as spectators who can observe the action without interfering. When the fourth wall is intact, the actors perform as if the audience is not present, creating a sense of immersion in the narrative.

When a performance breaks the fourth wall, characters may directly address the audience or acknowledge their presence, adding an additional layer to the performance. This mechanism is often used to create humor, provide commentary, or foster a deeper connection between the audience and the characters. Understanding the fourth wall is crucial in both acting and directing, as it influences how performances are crafted and how audiences perceive the depicted reality.